Genetic insights into the neurobiology of anxiety
Anxiety and fear are evolutionarily conserved emotions that increase the probability of an organism surviving threatening conditions. Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder
What is the cause of Hate in the Brain?
Hate is defined as an intense dislike that facilitates the elimination of others, and involves dehumanization or the denial of human qualities to others. A possible brain mechanism for hate seems to involve an “animalistic” infraumanization that results in withholding empathy from the devalued target; this mechanism may be mediated by the inferior frontal cortex (IFC). Neurologists and psychiatrists may have an increasingly crucial role in elucidating the mechanisms of the brain that underline hateful behavior. Some define hate as a deep, enduring, intense emotion while others consider it as a long-lasting attitude.