An 83-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with an acute confusional state and urinary incontinence followed by a witnessed tonic–clonic seizure in the hospital. Thorough investigations and imaging were positive only for nonspecific magnetic resonance imaging findings with a negative electroencephalogram. The patient was diagnosed with a provoked seizure due to over-the-counter cold medications that included pseudoephedrine and caffeine. After the discharge the patient did not develop subsequent seizures.
Results
d) Levetiracetam
Seizures are common neurological emergencies in the elderly that are frequently provoked. Geriatrics have higher rates of neurological disorders and other comorbidities that could affect seizure threshold. Levetiracetam has been demonstrated effective therapy for refractory partial-onset seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures.
