The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a case report

A 73-year-old woman presented with complaints of cognitive function decline. She usually lost everything, cooked in the wrong order, and forgot where things were put. Patients and their families do not pay attention to this phenomenon. The patient’s cognitive function continued to decline, gradually she started to dress incorrectly and can’t recognize

Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Diseases: Role of Interleukins

Autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases are a group of disorders resulting from abnormal immune responses in the nervous system, causing inflammation and tissue damage. The interleukin (IL) family of cytokines, especially IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL-1 is involved in the activation of

Paraoxonases at the Heart of Neurological Disorders

Paraoxonase enzymes serve as an important physiological redox system that participates in the protection against cellular injury caused by oxidative stress. The PON enzymes family consists of three members (PON-1, PON-2, and PON-3) that share a similar structure