Organs-on-chips are a new class of microengineered laboratory models that combine several of the advantages of current in vivo and in vitro models. In this review, the advances that have been made in the development of organ
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a non-invasive in vivo imaging method based on tracking and quantifying radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other related molecules, such as antibody fragments, nanobodies
Primary sacral neurogenic tumors are rare and mostly benign tumors or low-grade malignancies. The sacrum is adjacent to vital tissues and organs, such as sacral nerves, iliac vessels, bladder, rectum, uterus, etc. Complex pelvic anatomic structure poses a great challenge to the complete resection of primary sacral tumors. Traditional open surgery can be performed via the anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior approaches, with common perioperative complications including massive hemorrhage, nerve damage, and unhealed wounds.
The most common malignant liver tumor in children is hepatoblastoma. Epidemiological examinations have shown that hepatoblastoma incidence has been increasing partially because of the improved survival of premature infants. Overall survival has improved from 30% to 80% following inventive advances in surgical techniques and chemotherapy over the past 3 decades. With advances in chemotherapy, the development of treatment methods has largely improved the prognosis of hepatoblastoma, and surgical resection, and liver transplantation still play a crucial role in the treatment of hepatoblastoma.
Vitrectomy, or the surgical removal of vitreous, is a required step in most vitreo-retinal surgical procedures. Vitreous is a transparent gel-like substance found between the lens capsule and retina. It is composed of an inflated and highly hydrated collagen matrix with 99 wt.% water, 0.9 wt.% salts, and less than 0.1 wt.% collagen and hyaluronic acid. Vitreous is related to various functions, including maintaining transparency, protecting the retina from trauma, and other metabolic requirements. Due to the highly connected matrix of collagen fibers, vitreous removal can cause traction in areas of localized retinal adhesion. Thus, vitrectomy must temper extraction speed with the cutting action to maintain retina safety. Conventional pneumatic blade (PB) cutters use a “guillotine-style” cutter to aspirate vitreous out of the eye
Orthotopic neobladder is a well-established surgical solution for continent urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Nevertheless, it still represents a challenging surgery. Some critical issues of orthotopic bladder sub- stitution include relevant complication rates, renal function impairment, urinary incontinence and patient quality of life. A new ileal neobladder technique, Vesuvian Orthotopic Neobladder (VON), performed for the first time in 2020. To simplify and speed up the reservoir reconstruction through ten standardized technical steps and obtain an appropriate bladder capacity at the same time.
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