Neuromuscular (NM) diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. In essence, MG is an autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)
Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is an autoimmune disorder associated with neuromuscular junction abnormalities at the ocular muscle level. Around 50% to 60% of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) initially present with ocular symptoms such as ptosis
Bilirubin toxicity is a serious effect of hyperbilirubinemia, which is the most common disorder of the neonatal period. Clinically, bilirubin neurotoxicity can result in motor deficits, auditory dysfunction, cerebral palsy, seizure, and neurodevelopmental diseases. Bilirubin neurotoxicity is one of the major worldwide causes of neonatal brain injury, particularly
Millions of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur annually. TBIs generally result from falls, traffic accidents, and sports-related injuries, all of which involve rotational acceleration/deceleration of the brain. During a TBI, the brain undergoes both linear and rotational forces
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. This review summarizes recent developments in advanced neuroimaging of cSVD with a focus on clinical and research applications. These techniques enable progression
Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with specific changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. Studies have shown that the supplementation with pasteurized Akkermansiamuciniphila has therapeutic and preventive
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